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Objectives: The efficacy of single oral dose KetorolacTromethamine, Tramadol and Placebo was evaluated in paincontrol after periodontal surgery.Materials and Methods: The study design is a split mouthstudy involving three quadrants of the same patient. 20patients requiring flap surgeries in at least three quadrantswere recorded. Patients were randomly divided into threegroups as per the medications given, either 10 mg ketorolac or50 mg tramadol or placebo tablets at least 30 minutes beforeadministration of local anesthesia (LA). The duration of surgeryfrom the time of incision to the placement of the last suture isrecorded. After the completion of the surgery, patients wereasked to rate their subjective operative pain intensity using avisual analog scale.Results: Differences were statistically significant in VAS scorebetween ketorolac and placebo, and tramadol and placebogroup. Comparison of sum of pain intensity showedsignificantly greater pain levels in the placebo than in theketorolac group and tramadol group.Conclusion: The results of this single-dose, parallel-group,and double blind placebo-controlled study showed that 10-mgketorolac and 50-mg tramadol administered immediately beforeperiodontal surgery was effective for better response by thepatient during the procedure. However, ketorolac and tramadolpremedication neither affected delayed pain levels, norpostoperative analgesic consumption.
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Objective: Periodontal disease results the production ofdifferent enzymes that are released by epithelial orinflammatory cells. There are important enzymes associatedwith cellular alteration and cell death like: Lactatedehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase (CK), Alkaline andAcidic phosphatase (ALP, ACP). Enzymatic activity changesresults in changes health and metabolic changes in Gingivaland Periodontal condition.Design of study: We have examined the activity of CK, LDH,ALP and ACP in saliva from patients with periodontal diseasebefore and after periodontal treatment (experimental group –40samples) and in saliva from healthy patients (control group –30 samples). Periodontal disease was determined based onclinical parameters (gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing(BOP), probing depth (PD). Patients with periodontal diseasewere under periodontal treatment.Results: Results showed statistically significant increases ofactivity of CK, LDH, ALP and ACP in saliva from patients withperiodontal disease in relation to control group. There ispositive correlation between the examined salivary enzymesand value of the gingival index. After periodontal therapy theactivity of all salivary enzymes was significantly decreased.Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be stated thatactivity of these enzymes in saliva, as biochemical markers forperiodontal tissue damage, may be useful in diagnosis,prognosis and evaluation of therapy effects in periodontaldisease.
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Background: Lower limb surgeries are often performed under spinal anesthesia. The conventional anesthetic method for lower limb surgeries is caudal epidural block. The currently available local anesthetic for this purpose is Bupivacaine which has long duration of action of around 6-12 hour. Methods: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 20 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II requiring elective lower limb surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected for this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Results: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 20 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II, requiring elective gynecological surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected for this study. Cases were randomly allocated into two groups containing 20 cases each. Cases in Group B received Bupivacaine 0.25% and those in Group T received Tramadol 100mg. Conclusion: Current study concluded that both intrathecally administered levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine are safe and effective local anaesthetics for lower limb surgeries. Overall parameters observed in this study showed no significant difference between the two forms of the same drug. However, intrathecal levobupivacaine produces less toxicity.
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Background: Brachial plexus piece has reformed the field of regional anaesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Infraclavicular subcoracoid approach gives complete block without significant difficulties. Aim: To compare the additives adenosine and magnesium sulphate with bupivacaine in infraclavicular infusion for upper limb surgeries and postoperative analgesia. Materials & Methods: This Prospective study was done at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Govt. Medical College, Azamgarh. Around 24 patients scheduled for elective unilateral upper limb surgeries involving distal arm/ elbow/ forearm/hand divided into two groups A (n-12) and B (n-12) randomly. Group A - adenosine 6mgs with 28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine bolus followed by infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine 28ml with 6mgs of adenosine (2ml) at a rate of 5ml/hr. Group B - magnesium sulphate 75 mgs (in 2ml) with 28ml of 0.5% bupivacaine bolus followed by infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine 28ml with 75mgs of magnesium sulphate (in 2ml) at a rate of 5ml/hr in USG guided placement of infraclavicular catheter. Results: Our Study revealed that Group A had a faster Onset time of sensory and motor block and faster recovery when compared to group B. Group A needed more rescue analgesia than group B. Conclusion: The addition of magnesium sulphate as an additive to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block may be a better choice when prolonged postoperative analgesia is required.
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Objective: The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare dentinal adaptation of conventional obturating material and GuttaFlow in young permanent teeth of child patients. Materials and Methods: Ten young permanent anterior teeth with closed foramen were selected for the study. Root canal preparations were carried out using a step back technique. The canal was alternately irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution and 17% EDTA and normal saline. After root canal preparation specimens were randomly divided into two groups (n=5). GROUP "A": Obturated with zinc-oxide eugenol sealer and gutta-percha cone using cold lateral obturation technique. GROUP "B": Obturated with GuttaFlow as per the manufacturer's instruction. The teeth were split into two halves. Five randomly chosen longitudinal split teeth samples each from Group "A" and Group "B" was observed under scanning electron microscope to access the interface between obturating material and dentin at the level of 2 mm from the apex. Results: On statistical analysis the dentinal adaptation (μm) of Group A was observed with a mean of 0.52 and standard deviation 0.15, while the value of mean and standard deviation were noted 0.12 and 0.02 for Group B. The "t" value on comparison of Group A and Group B is 5.79 with "P " value of <0.001, which is highly significant. Conclusion: From result of the study it can be concluded Group B samples showed significantly superior seal when compared with Group A. Complete seal was not observed in any of Group A samples.